منابع مشابه
Smoke Emissions from Wildland Fires
Biomass burning is a major source of emissions to the atmosphere. Some of these emissions may change global climate. This paper uses combustion eff iciency as an independent variable for predicting emission factors for, among others, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and particulate matter. Other gases are correlated with the release of carbon monoxide. The release of nitrogen and sulfu...
متن کاملModelling smoke transport from wildland fires: a review
Among the key issues in smokemanagement is predicting themagnitude and location of smoke effects. These vary in severity from hazardous (acute health conditions and drastic visibility impairment to transportation) to nuisance (regional haze), and occur across a range of scales (local to continental). Over the years a variety of tools have been developed to aid in predicting smoke effects. This ...
متن کاملAtmospheric Response and Feedback to Smoke Radiative Forcing from Wildland Fires
Smoke from wildland fires is one of the sources of atmospheric anthropogenic aerosols. it can dramatically affect regional and global radiative balance. Ross et al. (1998) estimated a direct radiative forcing of nearly -20 ~ m ' for the 1995 Amazonian smoke season (August and September). Penner et al. (1992) indicated that the magnitude of the smoke global radiative forcing is comparable to tha...
متن کاملResource Sharing for Control of Wildland Fires
Wildland fires (or wildfires) occur on all continents except for Antarctica. These fires threaten communities, change ecosystems, destroy vast quantities of natural resources and the cost estimates of the damage done annually is in the billions of dollars. Controlling wildland fires is resource-intensive and there are numerous examples where the resource demand has outstripped resource availabi...
متن کاملMutagenicity and Lung Toxicity of Smoldering vs. Flaming Emissions from Various Biomass Fuels: Implications for Health Effects from Wildland Fires.
BACKGROUND The increasing size and frequency of wildland fires are leading to greater potential for cardiopulmonary disease and cancer in exposed populations; however, little is known about how the types of fuel and combustion phases affect these adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the mutagenicity and lung toxicity of particulate matter (PM) from flaming vs. smoldering phases of five b...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environment International
سال: 1991
ISSN: 0160-4120
DOI: 10.1016/0160-4120(91)90095-8